Cuprins:
Bandera e Himno de Sumatra Occidental (Indonesia) - Flag and Anthem of West Sumatra (Indonesia) (Mai 2024)
Sumatra de Vest, Sumatera Barat indoneziană, propinsi (sau provinsi; provincie), Sumatra de centru-vest, Indonezia, care se află în fața Oceanului Indian la vest și se delimitează de provinciile din Sumatra de Nord (Sumatera Utara) la nord, Riau la nord-est, Jambi la sud-est, și Bengkulu la sud. Cuprinde insulele Siberut, Sipura, Pagai de Nord (Pagai Utara) și Pagai de Sud (Pagai Selatan), toate din grupul Mentawai, situate în Oceanul Indian, peste Stâmtoarea Mentawai, din centrul Sumatra centrale. Capitala, Padang, se află în centrul coastei continentale a provinciei. Suprafață 16.221 mile pătrate (42.013 km pătrați). Pop. (2010) 4.846.909.
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Geografie
Munții Barisan se execută nord-vest-sud-est; ele sunt flancate de terenurile joase din jumătatea sudică și de mlaștini pe jumătatea nordică a coastei de vest. Pe partea de est a munților, Munții Padang se întind aproape până la limita estică a provinciei. Sistemul de munte însuși este format din mai multe creste paralele surmontate de numeroși vulcani activi și dispăruți, printre care Muntele Talang (2.575 metri), Marapi (2.4891 metri) și Singgalang (2.477 metri). Pădurile mlăștinoase de apă dulce se găsesc în multe locuri de-a lungul coastei. Pădurile tropicale joase de pin, tec și mahon se extind până în regiunea deluroasă.
Minangkabau people constitute the great majority of the population. Notable minorities includeBatak and Javanese peoples as well as smaller numbers of South Asians and Chinese. Islam is the dominant religion.
The mainstay of the economy is agriculture, with rice, corn (maize), cassava, tea, coffee, rubber, pepper, tobacco, coconuts, and soybeans among the principal products. Various manufacturing establishments yield processed foods and beverages, cement, textiles, rubber products, chemicals, and transport equipment. Roads run the length of the province, and railway lines cross the central part.
History
Western Sumatra, long inhabited by Minangkabau peoples, started to be settled by immigrants from India in the 2nd century ce. The region subsequently became part of the Buddhist Srivijaya empire, which flourished in southern Sumatra from the 7th to the 13th century. With the decline of Srivijaya, the Hindu-Malay kingdom of Minangkabau rose to power in the region, and in the 16th century the Minangkabau king converted to Islam. Shortly thereafter, in 1596, the Dutch entered the area and began to establish a firm foothold in western Sumatra. In the early 19th century, control of the island passed temporarily to the British. The Dutch managed to reestablish themselves in the region after intervening on behalf of the Minangkabau royal family during the civil war known as the Padri War (1821–37). Dutch rule was then imposed throughout the domain of the Minangkabau (roughly coextensive with what is now West Sumatra province).
The Japanese occupied Sumatra (1942–45) during World War II. After the war, Indonesian nationalists declared the formation of the Republic of Indonesia; following a period of intense anticolonial struggle, West Sumatra was incorporated into the Republic of Indonesia in 1950, as part of the province of Central Sumatra. In 1957 Central Sumatra was split into the provinces of Riau, Jambi, and West Sumatra. Early the following year, West Sumatra was a seat of rebellion against the Sukarno government, and the Revolutionary Government of the Indonesian Republic was formed in the province, with its headquarters at Bukittinggi. The rebellion was crushed by Indonesian forces in mid-1958 after aerial attacks on Padang and Bukittinggi.
