Jodhpur India

Jodhpur, oraș, statul central al Rajasthanului, nord-vestul Indiei. Este situat chiar la nord-vest de râul Luni, pe un teren steril acoperit cu dealuri înalte de nisip. Regiunea este uneori denumită Marwar (derivată din maru-war [„regiunea morții”], din cauza condițiilor dure ale zonei de deșert). Zonele sale de nord și nord-vest fac parte din deșertul Thar (Marele Indian).

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Istorie

Orașul a fost fondat în 1459 de Rao Jodha, un Rajput (unul dintre conducătorii războinici ai regiunii istorice Rajputana) și a servit ca capitala statului princiar Jodhpur. Statul princiar fusese fondat în jurul anului 1212, a atins zenitul puterii sale sub domnitorul Rao Maldeo (1532–69) și a acordat loialitate Mughalilor după invazia împăratului Mughal Akbar în 1561. Împăratul Mughal Aurangzeb a invadat și a jefuit regiunea Marwar în 1679, ordonând convertirea locuitorilor săi în islam.

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The princely states of Jodhpur, Jaipur, and Udaipur formed an alliance, however, and prevented control by the Muslims. The Jodhpur and Jaipur princes then regained the privilege of marriage with the Udaipur family—which they had forfeited when they allied with the Mughals—on condition that children of Udaipur princesses be first in succession. Quarrels resulting from that stipulation, however, finally led to the establishment of the supremacy of the Marathas, a Hindu warrior caste.

In 1818 Jodhpur came under British paramountcy. It was the largest princely state in the Rajputana Agency—the British governing entity in the region—occupying much of the central and southwestern portions of what is now Rajasthan state. It joined Rajasthan in 1949.

The contemporary city

Jodhpur is a major regional road and rail junction and a trade centre for agricultural crops, wool, cattle, salt, and hides. An airport handles domestic flights. The city has engineering and railway workshops and manufactures cotton textiles, brass and iron utensils, bicycles, ink, and polo equipment. Jodhpur is famous for its handicraft products, which include ivory goods, glass bangles, cutlery, dyed cloth, lacquerwork, felt and leather products, marble stonework, and carpets. Tourism is an important component of the city’s economy.

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Jodhpur, the second largest city of Rajasthan, is the seat of the Rajasthan state high court. The city is the site of an air force college, the University of Jodhpur (established 1962), and a medical college affiliated with the University of Rajasthan in Jaipur (the state capital). Parts of Jodhpur are surrounded by an 18th-century wall. Mehrangarh Fort, which contains the maharaja’s palace and a historical museum, is built on an isolated rock eminence that dominates the city. The 4th-century ruins of Mandor, the ancient capital of Marwar, lie immediately to the north. In addition to the fort, Jodhpur’s other notable buildings include the Umaid Bhawan Palace, the home of the Jodhpur royal family and also a luxury hotel, and the white marble Jaswant Thada, a memorial to the 19th-century ruler Jaswant Singh II.

Jodhpur’s surrounding region is largely agricultural.Bajra (pearl millet), pulses, jowar (grain sorghum), oilseeds, mung (the edible seeds of an Asian bean), and corn (maize) are the chief crops; some cotton and wheat are also produced. Lignite, iron ore, tungsten, garnet, glass-sand, and gypsum deposits are worked. There are several poultry farms, and sheep, cattle, and camels are bred. Pop. (2001) 851,051; (2011) 1,033,756.